ATM chips and products
Mika Lepistö
25.01.1995
This document has been produced in the Telecommunications Laboratory at Tampere University of Technology (TUT). It is based on technical data and preview information sent by vendors listed in Chapter 3. Chapters 1 and 2 describes the characteristics of products represented by those vendors. In Chapter 4 you can find reference list.
This document can be found at:
http://www.cs.tut.fi/tlt/stuff/atm/ATM_chips_II.ps.Z
Table of Contents
1. AAL and ATM Layers
1.1. Brooktree Corporation
Bt8220, ATM Receiver/Transmitter
Bt8222, ATM Receiver/Transmitter w/UTOPIA
Bt8215, Bidirectional Cell Buffer
Bt8215EVM, Evaluation Module
Bt8222EVM, Evaluation Module
1.2. Fujitsu Microelectronics Inc.
ATM EISA Evaluation Board
MB86680 SRE, ATM Switch Element
MB86687 ALC, Adaptation Layer Controller
MB86689 ATC, Address Translation Controller
1.3. Integrated Telecom Technology (IgT)
WAC-020-A, AAL5 SAR Processor
WAC-021-A, AAL1 SAR Processor
TST-ATM, Version 1.3 ATM Test System
WAC-185-A, ATM Cell Multiplexer
WAC-186-A, ATM UPC/OAM Processor
WAC-187-A, ATM Routing Table
WAC-188-A, ATM Switch Element
1.4. LSI Logic Corporation
ATMizer Chip Family
BD-ATMizer R/T-BRD, ATMizer R/T Evaluation Board
BD-ATMizer R/T-EK, ATMizer Evaluation Kit
BD-ATMizer R/T-SDP, ATMizer System Development Platform
SW-ATMizer R/T-PMON, PROM Monitor Source Code
SW-ATMizer R/T-AAL5, AAL5 SAR Code
1.5. MAZ Microelektronik Anwendungszentrum Hamburg GmbH
ATM-Modules DAS 500 ATM Switch
1.6. SuperNet Networking Ltd.
SuperX
1.7. Temic
29C70, ATM Adaptation Layer Controller for AAL 3/4 and AAL5
1.8. TransSwitch Corporation
SARA Chipset
CellBus Logical Operation
CDB Device, Cell Delineation Block
2. Physical Layer
2.1. Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
S3005/S3006, SONET/SDH OC-3/12 Transmitter and Receiver
S3011/S3012, SONET/SDH/ATM OC3 Transmitter and Receiver
S3014, SONET/SDH Clock Synthesis/Clock Recovery Unit
S3015/S3016, E4/STM-1/OC-3 Interface Circuits
S3017/S3018, SONET/SDH/ATM OC-12 Transmitter and Receiver
S6003, S3014 Evaluation Board
S6004, S3005/S3006 Evaluation Board
2.2. Cypress Semiconductor
CY7B951 SST, SONET/SDH Serial Transceiver
CY7B923 & CY7B933, HOTLink Transmitter/Receiver
2.3. Fujitsu Microelectronics Inc.
MB86683 NTC, Network Termination Controller
2.4. Integrated Telecom Technology (IgT)
WAC-011-A, ATM DXI HDLC Controller
WAC-012-A, 622 Mbit/s SONET ATM UNI Processor
WAC-013-B, 51/155 Mbit/s SONET ATM UNI Processor
MOD-013-B, 51/155 Mbit/s SONET ATM UNI Processor Module
WAC-034-A, PDH ATM UNI Processor
TAC-011-B, B3ZS Encoder/Decoder
TAC-030-A, DS3 Framer
EAC-011-C, HDB3 Encoder/Decoder
EAC-013-A, E13 Multiplexer
EAC-030-A, E3 Framer
SAC-013-A, Async DS3-to-SONET Mapper
2.5. PMC Sierra Inc.
PM1501 EVMB, Evaluation Motherboard
PM4341A T1XC, T1 Framer Transceiver
PM4541 T1XC EVBD, T1XC Evaluation Daughterboard
PM5312 STTX, SONET/SDH Transporting Transceiver
PM5318 SIPO, SONET/SDH Serial to Paraller/Paraller to Serial Converter 622 Mbit/s
PM5343 STXC, SONET/SDH Transport Overhead Transceiver
PM5344 SPTX, SONET/SDH Path Terminating Transceiver
PM5345 SUNI, Saturn User Network Interface 155.52 Mbit/s
PM5346 SUNI-LITE, Saturn User Network Interface 51.84 & 155.52 Mbit/s
PM5347 SUNI, SUNI-155-Plus Saturn User Network Interface
PM5355 SUNI-622, 622Mbit/s Saturn ATM User-Network Interface
PM5361 TUPP, SONET/SDH Tributary Unit Payload Processor
PM5371 TUDX, SONET/SDH Tributary Unit Cross Connect
PM6341 E1XC, E1 Framer/Transceiver
PM7321 PLPP, ATM Physical Layer Protocol Processor
PM7321 T3XC, T3 Framer/Transceiver
PM7345 SUNI-PDH, Saturn User-Network Interface for ATM Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PM7521 PLPP EVBD, PLPP Evaluation Daughterboard
PM8313 D3MX, M13 Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
PM8513 D3MX EVBD, D3MX Evaluation Daughterboard
SCI-PHY, Saturn Compliant Interface For ATM PHY Devices
2.6. Raytheon Semiconductor
RCC700, Fibre Channel/ESCON/ATM/SSA Transceiver
2.7. Siemens
V23806-A84-C1, Single Mode ATM Transceiver
Low Cost ATM/SONET OC-3 Transceiver
2.8. TransSwitch Corporation
ALI-25C and ALI-25T, ATM Line Interface Devices for 25 Mbit/s Operation
SOT-3 Device, STM-1/STS-3/STS-3c Overhead Terminator
SYN155C Device, 155 Mbit/s Synchronizer, Clock & Data Output
2.9. Valor Electronics Inc.
Cougar Series FL6033 & SF6035
Cougar Series PT6024 & ST6021/23/25
3. Vendors
4. References

The Bt8220 provides DS1, E1, DS3, and E3 physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) functions and provides for the generation and checking of AAL 1/3/4/5 formatted ATM payloads. The host system can transfer data cells through a dedicated FIFO input/output port in conjunction with the Bt8215 Bidirectional Cell FIFO. The Bt8220 will direct up to four different virtual channel/paths, with a maskable screen, to different I/O ports [2].
- Single chip ATM layer processor and framer.
- Cell alignment via HEC field (G.804) or PLCP.
- DS1, E1, DS3, E3, E4, STS-1, STS-3c, STM-1 data rates supported.
- Internal framer for DS3/E3, G.804, STM-1, E4, STS-1, and STS-3c.
- 4 host ports with individual VCI/VPI maskable filters.
- Transmit rate shaping for each port.
- Individual control/checking of all overhead fields.
- SONET data link support.
- GTL I/O pins for easy interface to optical line driver.

Picture 1. Bt8220 ATM Receiver/Transmitter.
The Bt8222 is a software compatible upgrade to the Bt8220. The host UTOPIA interface provides four cells of internal buffer capability with an optional low latency mode. The high speed serial interfaces use differential PECL voltage levels [2].
- Integrated HDLC formatter for data link termination.
- Per/port accept or reject screening of the ATM cells.
- Idle cell rejection.
- Source or line loopback for diagnostics.
- About 700 FIM.

Picture 2. Bt8222 ATM Receiver/Transmitter w/UTOPIA.
The Bt8215 provides full duplex communication between 32-bit system or processor buses and 8-bit I/O peripherals. The Bt8215 is intended for use in applications such as ATM and SMDS cell buffering, HDLC buffering, and cell switching [2].
- 36-bit bidirectional port with parity.
- Separate unidirectional 9-bit ports with parity.
- 2 Kbytes of buffer in each direction.
- Check/generate parity.
- Programmable flags.
- Synchronous or asynchronous interfaces on each port.
- Variable length packet control.
- Fixed length packet features such as invalidate transfer.
- 8-bit to 32-bit data alignment.
- Cascade with off-the-self FIFOs for greater depth.
- 33 MHz operation for 36-bit port, 20 MHz for 9-bit port.
- About 450 FIM.

Picture 3. Bt8215 Bidirectional Cell Buffer Block Diagram.
The 8215 EVM implements an 8-port ATM Switch Fabric. The switch provides up to 622 Mbit/s of total bandwidth. Header translation is performed in software. The board connects to either the Bt8215 EVM-CB or the Bt8220 EVM to generate cell traffic. The source code for the header translation is available under a license agreement [2].
- Eight port ATM switch.
- 622 Mbit/s throughput.
The Bt8222EVM allows the user to evaluate the performance of the Bt8222 ATM Receiver/Transmitter, the Bt8215 Bidirectional cell FIFO, and the Bt8330 HDLC formatter in an ATM CSU/DSU application. The Bt8222EVM also may be used to generate user defined ATM cell or DXI frame traffic, or to capture incoming traffic for test and evaluation purposes [2].
- ATM UNI interfaces for DS3, E3, STS-1, E4, STS-3c, and STM-1.
- ATM DXI interface over EIA530 or 52 Mbit/s HSSI.
- AAL 3/4 or 5 segmentation and reassembly in software.
- ATM traffic generation or termination from the host terminal.
- High level commands for configuration and control of EVM.
This card demonstrates the capabilities of Fujitsu`s ATM devices. All of the adaptation, ATM and Physical layer functions are handled autonomously by the Fujitsu chips. The card uses on board packet memory to buffer data during segmentation and reassembly and provides support for the SONET over Multimode Fiber physical interface directly on the card [5].
- Supports Adaptation Layers 3/4 and 5.
- 32 bit EISA Bus slave design.
- Supports up to 1024 virtual channels on transmit and receive.
- On board SONET Physical Interface (OC-3 MMF).
- Other interfaces supported via daughter cards.

Picture 4. ALC/NTC Based Adaptor Card.
The SRE is a 4x4 cell-switch building-block, which has buffered outputs and selectable high and low priority queues [6].
- Multicast support.
- Selective cell discard based on CLP bit and selectable queue fill level.
- Statistics gathering for cell discards and buffer overflows.
- Routing tag processing is programmable.
- All inputs and outputs are 8-bit paraller, with independent strobe signals.
The ALC provides a complete implementations both AAL3/4 and AAL5 procedures. User data is transferred to and from system memory via an on-chip high-speed DMA controller which can interface to a variety of 32- and 64-bit bus structures.The ALC is a full-bidirectional device and can support up to 1024 simultaneous connections in both receive and transmit directions at network speeds up to 155 Mbit/s [6].
The ATC performs real-time translation of ATM header information for serial rates up to 155 Mbit/s. It can supply a routing tag up to 3 bytes long that is used to determine the destination for each cell [6].
- 1024-entry CAM.
- Full 28-bit comparison for each entry, with optional bit masking.
- Supports multiple matches for multicast operation.
- Supports CLP and congestion indication/removal for each entry.
- Multiple ATCs can be cascaded.

Picture 5. ATM-LAN.
This processor translates packet-based data into 53-byte ATM cells using ATM Adaptation Layer 5 cell segmentation and reassembly (SAR) [11].
- Segments and reassembles data at a maximum rate of 50 Mbit/s with a 33MHz SAR clock.
- Supports simultaneous SAR of 16, 1K, or 4K connections.
- Supports scatter and gather packet capability for large packets.
- Supports 0 to 6 active VP bits and 6 to 12 active VC bits.
- Transfers cells through UTOPIA FIFO interface.
- Contains a built-in 32-bit host bus based packet memory DMA controller.
- Contains a built-in 32-bit connection memory interface.
- Provides built-in error monitoring and loop back capability.

Picture 6. Typical WAC-020-A System Block Diagram.
The processor provides DS1/DS3 line interface access to an AAL1 Constant Bit Rate (CBR) ATM network. It arbitrates access to an external SRAM for storage of configuration, the user data, and the statistics. It provides a microprocessor interface for configuration, management, and statistics gathering. It provides SAR of eight 2 Mbit/s data streams or one 45 Mbit/s data stream [12].
Circuit Interface Features
- Supports up to 192/248 VCs.
- Supports N * 64 structured data format.
- Provides Common Channel Signalling (CCS) and Channel Associated Signalling (CAS) configuration options.
- Provides per VC data and signalling conditioning.
- Arbitrates a 16-bit processor interface to a 128K * 16 (25 ns) SRAM.
Transmit Interface Features
- Provides per VC transmit queuing.
- Provides supervisory transmit buffer for OAM and for signalling.
- Provides sequence number and sequence number protection generation.
Receive Interface Features
- Provides UTOPIA interface.
- Provides per VC queues.
- Provides per VC Cell Delay Variation (CDV) tolerance setting.
- Provides supervisory receive queue for OAM cells.
- Verifies and corrects sequence numbers.
- Provides processor interrupts for OAM cell receptions.
Statistics Features
- Counts invalid sequence numbers.
- Counts invalid Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) values for sequence numbers.
- Counts OAM cells.
- Counts cells transmitted per VC.
- Counts cells receives per VC.
The ATM Test System can be used sending and receiving ATM cells over a SONET or DS3 physical layer (in future releases, more physical layer interfaces).
In the transmit direction, the ATM Test System converts PC files to ATM cells, sends the ATM cells, maps the ATM cells into the proper interface payload, and generates any desired alarms and errors. In the receive direction, the ATM Test System detects alarms, counts errors, captures and counts cells based on several capture options. It has a 512-cell buffer to compare incoming data in real time for long-term testing.
The ATM Test System consist of a control unit, an interface module, and a Windows-based software package. This graphical user interface provides configure test, full test results and cell counts [14].
ATM Features
- Supports AAL 5.
- Transmits and captures up to 16,384 cells in real time in the transmit and receive buffers.
- Compares up to 512 cells in real time in the compare buffer.
- Provides performance monitoring and fault management.
- Enables or disables cell payload scrambling and Header Error Control (HEC) insertion.
- Performs ATM cell load generation.
- Allows HEC error injection.
- Measures round trip cell delay.
SONET Features
- Supports STS-1 and STS-3c framing rates.
- Transmits and detects alarms and counts errors.
- Supports single mode or multimode applications.
The WAC-185-A connects four ATM layer or physical layer UTOPIA Level 1 devices to a single ATM layer UTOPIA Level 1 device. On the receive side, it generates four read enable signals to the input devices and accepts four cell available signals from the input devices. On the transmit side, it generates four write enable signals for the output devices and accepts four cell available signals from the output devices. The transmit side accepts a priority and port destination from the ATM layer, and places the cell in the appropriate queue. The queues are maintained in an external 16-bit wide RAM using a linked list with head and tail pointers [15].
- Transfers cells through standard UTOPIA Level 1 FIFO interfaces.
- Supports 256, 1024, or 4096 output cell buffers.
- Provides three priority queues (high, medium, low) for each transmitter output port for a total of 12 queues.
- Limits the maximum number of cells queued for each priority with a programmable threshold.
- Provides an alarm indication if an output port is no longer accepting cells.
- Operates up to 25 MHz.
- Contains a built-in 16-bit processor/memory interface.
This processor checks incoming connections for violations of negotiated traffic parameters, and performs hardware-intensive processing of OAM cells [16].
- Processing incoming ATM cells for Usage Parameter Control (UPC) violations.
- Selectively discards or tags cells with Cell Loss Priority (CLP) =1 on a per connection basis.
- Generates OAM alarm indication signal (AIS) cells and Remote Defect Indicator (RDI) cells on a per connection basis.
- Supports 1K, 4K, 8K or 16K active channel out of a possible 32K, 128K, 256K, 512K connections (VPI/VCI combination).
- Contains a built-in 32-bit processor/memory interface.
- Supports 1024 to 4096 connections.
- Provides masked VPI/VC lookup of connection list in external SRAM.
- Provides selectable VPI/VCI translation.
- Allows up to seven active VPI bit and up to 12 active VCI bits.
- Supports multipoint-to-multipoint connections.
- Provides high priority queue, multicast queue, and three proportional bandwidth queues.
- Provides OAM queue for supervisory cells.
- Provides a 16-bit processor interface [17].
Each switch element device has 1.2 Gbit/s throughput and can be joined together in large switch fabrics to create very high bandwidth switching systems [18].
- Provides non-blocking switch element.
- Provides eight 155 Mbit/s inputs, and eight 155 Mbit/s outputs.
- Supports aggregation to 622 Mbit/s.
- Provides nibble-wide 43 MHz inputs and outputs.
- Provides 32-cell memories in common pool-central queuing discipline.
- Provides 256 multicast groups.
- Provides an 8-bit processor interface.
The single-chip solution integrates all ATM layer functions, the segmentation and reassembly sublayer, and a subset of the transmission convergence sublayer [26].
- Supports simultaneously AAL 1,2,3/4 and 5.
- 4 kbytes on-chip IRAM.
- RISC CPU core.
- Eight peak rate pacing counters.
- Direct interface to SONET/SDH, TAXI, UTOPIA, DS3 and cell-based physical layer.
- Multiple data rate up to 155 Mbit/s.
- Multiple VC rate up to 65536 VCs.
- Contiguous and non-contiguous CS-PDUs support.
- On-chip RAM.
- Identical architecture across product lines from NICs to private and public switches.

Picture 7. ATMizer Block Diagram.
The board incorporates a 50 MHz ATMizer Chip, 128 kbytes of 12 ns, zero-wait-state memory and 128 kbytes of 35 ns memory for the secondary port, 512 kbytes of host memory, jumper programmable for latency and dual serial ports. PROM resident code included on the board supports bootup, download and debug capabilities [25].
- Several memory speed options for final system.
- Supports AAL5.
- Full duplex OC-3 performance rates.
- VL Bus Interface.
In addition to the Evaluation Board, this includes the PROM Monitor and the AAL5 SAR sources [25].
This includes two ATMizer R/T Evaluation Boards, one configuration as the host, the other as the ATM engine. It provides a platform to emulate an ATM network. Two of these platforms with framer modules provide a complete point-to-point ATM network environment (includes PROM Monitor and AAL5 SAR sources) [25].

Picture 8. Block diagram of ATMizer R/T Platform.
This is 95% written in C. The Prom Monitor provides bootup, download and debug capabilities. It includes drivers for the serial ports, initialization code and other C library functions [25].
This is a optimized assembly code [25].
Specific ATM products can be configured from several DAS 50x modules.
The Switch Module consisting of one or more switch elements has the following main functions:
- 4 x 4 ATM switch.
- Dynamic administration of a VCI table.
- Copy function for multi-cast operation.
- Security function to protect against non-authorised manipulation of the control.
- Separate monitoring and control of the four ATM channels.
The Control Unit Module includes following functions:
- Initialisation and monitoring of the ATM switch.
- Optimization of switching paths.
- Activation and de-activation of time slots of Interworking-units.
- Connection monitoring.
The Network Adapter Modules mainly offers the following functions:
- Mapping of the PCM30 time slots to ATM cells and vice-versa.
- Bundling of time slots (merge and split).
The Translator Module maps internal and external VPI/VCI addresses to each other and either serves for coupling of the ATM switch to an external one or a public or private ATM network.
The Line Terminator (LT) Module is used for coupling of remote ATM systems by use of optical fibres as transmission medium [27].
SuperX provides AAL 5 and ATM layers functionality and has a built in ATM switching capability. The device has three data ports; Link port, Host port and a Bus Interconnect port. Link port provides an interface to ATM physical layer devices. Host port provides a DMA interface to an external packet memory and access to SuperX status and control registers. The Bus Interconnect port (X_Port) is a 32 bit I/O port that provides a high throughput interconnect among multiple SuperX devices. This port is used for the construction of an ATM switch [52].
- Contains AAL 5 processor that provides the processing functions associated with the convergence sublayer (CS) AAL 5.
- Built-in 16 Kbytes cell buffer (292 cells).
- Built-in switching support.
- Seamless interface to SONET, 4b/5b, Fiber Channel, DS1, and DS3 physical layer devices.
- Adjustable link rate up to 240 Mbit/s.
- High performance host interface.
- Support for multi-port ATM switch trough cascading or busing of multiple SuperX devices.
- Support for multiple service priorities and different levels of Quality of Service.
- Loop back at all protocol layers.

Picture 9. SuperX block diagram.
The 29C70 implements CCITT recommendation I.363 and is designed to interface to ATM Network with the maximum speed of 155 Mbit/s. A general control unit provides a full chip control with a microprocessor interface. The device provides also errors metering and internal loop capabilities for testing purposes. The 29C70 has a maximum system clock speed of 25 MHz. The 29C70 has a programmable AAL number so that up to 24 AAL controllers can be connected on the same ATM Layer Bus. It detects errors such as CRC, Tempo, Overflow and Sequencing. The CPCS-PDU shall be checked by the processor (CPI, BETAG, length for AAL 3/4, CPCS Trailer, CPI, length for AAL5) [53].
- Supports AAL 3/4 and AAL 5.
- Integrates receiver, transmitter, DMA controller and control unit.
- Performs segmentation and reassembly (SAR), and part of the convergence sublayer control (CS).
- Full duplex operation for 64 receive and transmit messages simultaneously.
- Transmit multiplexing capability. 4 channels within a VC and 16 VCs in paraller.
- 8 bit paraller interface to ATM layer controller.
- 32 bit data and 24 bit address bus to message memory.
- 16 bit data and 11 bit address bus to local microprocessor for register programming and status information.
- 155 Mbit/s ATM network connection and 800 Mbit/s message memory connection.
- Internal loop capability for testing and errors metering.

Picture 10. 29C70 functional block diagram.
The two-chip SARA chipset provides an interface between packet-oriented equipment and ATM networks. SARA provides segmentation and reassembly functions in compliance with both the T1S1.5 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3/4 and Type 5, including the CPCS and the SAR. Most overhead functions associated with conversion to and from cells are provided. This includes packet queuing, buffer management and DMA, CRC generation and checking, and those ATM network-specific functions required to segment and reassemble cells over the attached network link.
SARA supports up to a maximum of 65536 virtual circuits. Up to 8191 virtual circuits may have packets queued for segmentation, with and equal number being concurrently reassembled. A throughput rate of at least 150 Mbit/s in each direction may be achieved [54].
- Selectable packet-level CRC generation and checking on a per connection basis.
- B-ISDN cell payload CRC generation and checking (AAL 3/4).
- B-ISDN cell header CRC generation and checking (with no correction).
- Management of constant bit rate traffic.
- Management of OAM cells.
- Management of host interface queues.
- DMA controllers for packet and control memory.
- Reassembly of 53-byte cells into packets in programmable-size large of small buffers (AAL 3/4).

Picture 11. Typical ATM Network Interface Unit Implementation.
CellBus is designed as a versatile and low-cost logical and electrical structure for implementation of a variety of ATM cell-based products. CellBus is both a backplane interconnect and an on-card inter-device interconnect technology. CellBus does not specify the physical implementation. The basic CellBus is structured as a number of CellBus Bus User units interconnected by a common synchronous bus. ATM cells are transferred, via the CellBus, from any Bus User to any other Bus User, or to any number of other Bus Users (multicast) [58].
TXC-05150
The CDB is an ATM cell interface device. The CDB function is to extract ATM cell from, and insert ATM cells into, a line interface signal having one of several possible transmission formats. Cell delineation is performed by means of a Header Error Control (HEC) byte search. Cell rate adaptation is also performed by generating and terminating unassigned ATM cells of a specified format [59].
- ATM cell rate adaptation.
- Identifies OAM F4 cells and non-user cells.
- Operation from 1.544 Mbit/s to 155.52 Mbit/s.
- Programmable interfaces to DS1, DS3, E1, E3, STS-1, STS-3c, and STM-1.
- DS3 interface with HEC based mapping of ATM cells.
- Interfaces directly to SOT-3, DS3F, E2/E3F, and SARA ATM chipset and indirectly to SOT-1.

Picture 12. CDB Device.
The S3005/S3006 Synchronous Electrical Transmit Interface, SETI, and Synchronous Electrical Receive Interface, SERI, SONET/SDH and E4 transmitter and receiver chips are fully integrated serialization/deserialization interface devices covering E4 (139.264 Mbit/s), SONET OC-3 (155.52 Mbit/s) and SONET OC-12 (622.08 Mbit/s). The chipset performs all necessary serial-to-paraller and paraller-to-serial functions in conformance with SONET/SDH and E4 transmission standards.
The chipset can be used with 19.44, 38.88, 51.84, and 77.76 MHz reference clocks when operated in the SONET/SDH OC-3 or OC-12 modes [1].
These chips are fully integrated serialization/deserialization SONET OC-3 (155.52 Mbit/s) interface devices. The S3012 performs SONET/SDH frame detection [1].
- On-chip high-frequency PLL for clock generation and clock recovery.
- Reference frequency of 19.44 MHz.
- Interface to both PECL and TTL/CMOS logic.
- 8-bit TTL/CMOS datapath.
- Low jitter PECL interface.
The function of this unit is to derive high speed timing signals for SONET/SDH-based equipment.
In Clock Recovery mode, the S3014 receives either an STS-3/STM-1 (155.52 Mbit/s) or STS-12/STM-4 (622.08 Mbit/s) scrambled NRZ signal and recovers the clock from the data. In Clock Synthesis mode, the S3014 receives a 19.44, 51.84, or 155.52 MHz reference clock and outputs an STS-3/STM-1 or STS-12/STM-4 differential ECL clock [1].
The S3015 transmitter and S3016 receiver derive high speed timing signals for SONET/SDH or PDH-based equipment. The chipset can be used with a 19.44 MHz reference clock when operated in the SONET/SDH OC-3 mode and 17.408 MHz clock in E4 mode. On-chip coded-mark-inversion (CMI) encoding and decoding is provided for 139.264 Mbit/s and 155.52 Mbit/s interfaces [1].
- Interface to both ECL and TTL logic.
- Bypass mode for off-chip clocking.
- Low jitter PECL interface.
- Supports both electrical and optical interfaces.
These chips are fully integrated serialization/deserialization SONET OC-12 (622.08 Mbit/s) interface devices. Can be used with a 19.44 or 77.76 MHz reference clock [1].
This board allows demonstration of AMCC`s S3014 SONET clock synthesis and recovery unit [1].
The S6004 allows demonstration of AMCC`s S3005 and S3006 SONET/SDH OC-3/12 transmitter/receiver chipset [1].
The SONET/SDH Serial Transceiver (SST) is used in SONET/SDH and ATM applications to recover clock and data information from a 155.52 MHz or 51.84 MHz NRZ or NRZI serial data stream and to provide differential data buffering for the transmit side of the system [3].
- Compatible with PMC-Sierra PM5345 SUNI.
- 155.52 MHz clock multiplication from 19.44 MHz source.
- 51.84 MHz clock multiplication from 6.48 MHz source.
- Line receiver inputs: No external buffering required.
- Differential output buffering.
- Compatible with fiberoptic modules, coaxial cable, and twisted pair media.
The HOTlinks are point-to-point communications building blocks that transfer data over high-speed serial links (fiber, coax, and twisted pair) at 160 to 330 Mbit/s [4].
- Fibre channel compliant.
- IBM ESCON compliant.
- ATM compliant.
- 8B/10B-coded or 10-bit unencoded.
- TTL synchronous I/O.
- Built-In Self-Test.
The NTC is a full duplex network terminator, which supports multiple interface types. It implements all Transmission Convergence (TC) sub-layer functions for physical media based on SDH/SONET, DS3 and E3 [6].
- Direct connection to external transceiver via 8-bit paraller interface.
- Support for framed physical layer OAM functions.
- On-chip DMA controller for high-speed transfer of statistics to system memory.
The controller operates at any rate up to 52 Mbit/s, and is suited for X.25, frame relay, SMDS DXI, and ATM DXI applications. HDLC level 2 functions are implemented inside the device [7].
- Performs frame-delimiting flag generation and detection.
- Performs zero bit insertion and deletion.
- Generates and detects Abort flags and CRCs (16 or 32-bit).
- Provides a bit-serial line interface.
- Provides 9, 18, or 36-bit interfaces to commercial FIFOs.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
The processor maps 53-byte ATM cells asynchronously into a synchronous SONET/SDH payload and operates at the STS-12c/STM-4 rate (622 Mbit/s). It transfers ATM data through a 16-bit FIFO interface and SONET/SDH-formatted data through a synchronous 8-bit interface [8].
- Provides built-in performance and alarm monitoring.
- Provides self-test capability.
- Provides power-on self-configuration capability.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
The processor maps 53-byte ATM cells asynchronously into a synchronous SONET/SDH payload and operates at the STS-3c/STM-1 rate (155.52 Mbit/s), and the STS-1 rates (51.84 Mbit/s, 25.92 Mbit/s, 12.96 Mbit/s). It transfers ATM data through a 8-bit FIFO interface and SONET/SDH-formatted data through a synchronous 8-bit interface [9].
- Provides built-in performance and alarm monitoring.
- Provides low-latency throughput using a byte-by-byte FIFO.
- Inserts and monitors GFC (Generic Flow Control) bits.
- Provides self-test capability.
- Provides power-on self-configuration capability.
- Compatible with PECL, CMOS and TTL signals.
This module uses WAC-013-B processor to map ATM cells and provides access to the SONET/SDH interface via an optical interface. The module has a built-in SONET crystal, an Analog Devices clock recovery circuit, and an optical
transceiver. It is made for fast prototyping and low-volume ATM interface production [10].
- Transfers SONET/SDH-formatted data through multimode ST (MOD-013-BM) connectors or single mode (MOD-013-BS) connectors.
- Recovers the received clock from the received SONET/SDH data stream.
- Allows the transmit SONET/SDH data stream to operate from either a crystal or the recovered receive clock.
This processor maps ATM-cells into a synchronous DS3, E3, or E4 payload. This device can also be used with external circuitry in any application requiring a DS1 or E1 interface [13].
- Operates at rates up to 140 Mbit/s.
- Provides integrated framers for DS3 (44.736 Mbit/s), E3 G.804 (34.368 Mbit/s), and E4 G.804 (139.264 Mbit/s).
- Provides ATM cells for DS1 (1.544 Mbit/s) or E1 (2.048 Mbit/s).
- Transfers ATM data through an 8-bit UTOPIA interface.
- Provides build-in performance and alarm monitoring.
- Provides built-in error generation and loopback.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
The B3ZS (Bipolar with 3-zero Substitution) encoder/decoder is for use in either STS-1 or DS3 interfaces. Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals [19].
This DS3 Framer performs all DS3 overhead processing for use in wide-band data transport applications and provides complete support for C-bit framing [20].
- Operates with clear-channel data using bit-serial, nibble-paraller, or byte-paraller data interfaces.
- Allows optional B3ZS encoding/decoding.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
This High Density Bipolar 3 encoder/decoder is for use in CEPT E1, E2 and E3 interfaces [21].
The E13 Multiplexer performs E1-to-E2 and/or E2-to-E3 multiplexing/demultiplexing simultaneously and independently. It provides complete support for E2 framing, and is ideally suited for equipment requiring E1-to-E2-toE3 connection [22].
- Provides a built-in microprocessor interface with maskable interrupts.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
- Multiplexes (and demultiplexes) 16 E1 channels (2.048 Mbit/s) into an E3 signal (34.368 Mbit/s).
- Provides external access to all E2 channels (8.448 Mbit/s).
- E1 clock recovery and jitter attenuation is done internally.
This device performs all E3 overhead processing for use in wide-band data transport applications [23].
- Operates with clear-channel data using bit-serial, nibble-paraller, or byte-paraller data interfaces.
- Allows optional HDB3 encoding/decoding.
- Compatible with CMOS and TTL signals.
- Provides two 16-bit latchable counters for accumulating FAS (Frame Alignment Signal) and bipolar errors.
- Provides boundary scan capability.
The SAC-013-A provides all DS3 desynchronization, DS3 mapping, and SONET Path Overhead termination for use in hybrid Wide-band data transport applications. The SAC-013-A STS-1 interface can be used for direct connection to line overhead terminators, and allows for multiplexing to higher-level STS-N rates [24].
The PM1510 EVMB is a generic processor core for use with a family of evaluation boards designed to facilitate test, evaluation, and demonstration of PMC devices.
The EVMB provides processing capability and communication capability between itself and a daughterboard containing the PMC device to be evaluated. It is based on a 68HC11 microcontroller, which contains 8K bytes of ROM that implements the kernel for the FORTH operating system and language [28].
The T1XC is software configurable, allowing feature selection without changes to external wiring [29].
This board allows for the test, evaluation, and demonstration of the PMC PM4341 T1XC device. It is also compatible with the PM6341 E1XC device. This board can be used standalone with up to two T1XC devices but has been especially designed to mate with the PMC PM1501 EVMB to form a complete evaluation system [30].
The device processes the transport overhead of STS-1, STS-3/STM-1, and STS-12/STM-4 streams and optionally provides byte interleaved multiplexing of lower rate streams. The STTX operates with the PM5318 SIPO 622 Mbit/s SONET/SDH Serial to Paraller / Paraller to Serial Converter to implement SONET/SDH compliant line interfaces [31].
The SIPO is a fully integrated high speed SONET/SDH compatible 8:1 and 1:8 mux/demux. It is used at speeds of 622 and 155 Mbit/s [32].
This device processes the transport overhead (section overhead) of STS-1, and STS-3/STM-1 streams at 51.84 Mbit/s and 155.52 Mbit/s. The STXC transmits/receives SONET/SDH frames via a bit serial or byte serial interface and formats/processes section and line overhead [33].
The SPTX implements payload alignment and path termination for three STS-1 (AU3) paths or a single STS-3c (AU4) path, mapping these payloads onto a Telecombus-like system backplane. The SPTX operates in conjunction with the PM5343 STXC to form a complete system for terminating section, line, and path overhead [34].
Implements the ATM transmission convergence (TC) sublayer for Broadband ISDN. Operates at 19.44 Mbytes/s, processing a duplex 8-bit or 16-bit data stream and mapping ATM cells into a SONET STS-3c or SDH STM-1 compatible bit serial stream operating at 155 Mbit/s [35].
- Provides on-chip paraller-to-serial and serial-to-paraller conversion circuits and pseudo-ECL interfaces operating at the 155 Mbit/s line rate.
- Provides 4 cell deep FIFO buffers in both transmit and receive paths and provides interface circuitry for external FIFO expansion.
- Provides a 8-bit microprocessor bus interface for configuration, control and status monitoring.
Implements the SONET/SDH processing and ATM mapping functions of a 155 Mbit/s, or 51 Mbit/s ATM User Network Interface. The SUNI/LITE receives SONET&SDH frames via a bit serial interface, recovers clock and data, and processes section, line, and path overhead. It performs framing (A1, A2), descrambling, detects alarm conditions, and monitor section, line, and path bit interleaved parity (B1, B2, B3), accumulating error counts at each level for performance monitoring purposes. The SUNI-LITE frames to the ATM payload using cell delineation. HCS error correction is provided.
The SUNI-LITE transmits SONET/SDH frames via a bit serial interface and formats section, line, and path overhead appropriately. It performs framing pattern insertion (A1, A2), scrambling, alarm signal insertion, and creates section, line, and path bit interleaved parity (B1, B2, B3) [36].
Implements the ATM transmission convergence (TC) sublayer for ATM using the SONET/SDH 155.52, 51.52, 25.92 and 12.96 Mbit/s. Includes on-chip clock recovery and clock synthesis at all rates. Supports Unshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted Pair and fiber optic interfaces [37].
Implements the ATM transmission convergence (TC) sublayer for ATM using the SONET/SDH 622.08, 155.52 and 51.84 Mbit/s [38].
The TUPP is a monolithic integrated circuit that implements a configurable, multi-channel, payload processor for alignment of SONET virtual tributaries (VTs) or SDH tributary units (TUs). The TUPP is configurable to process any legal mix of tributaries. The TUPP operates in conjunction with the PM5323 TSPP and the PM5344 SPTX to align tributaries such that they can be switched by the PM5371 TUDX [39].
The TUDX allows non-blocking switching of tributaries within two SONET STS-3 or SDH STM-1 streams. Programmable idle code can be inserted into any channel. The TUDX is cascadable in a systolic or bused manner and provides programmable control outputs that are useful in constructing larger switching arrays. The TUDX is configured, controlled and monitored via a generic 8-bit microprocessor bus interface [40].
The PM6341 E1XC is a device suitable for use in many E1 systems (such as CSU, DSU, CH BANK, MUX, DPBX, DACS, and ESDX) with a minimum of external circuitry. The E1XC is software configurable [41].
The PMC PM7321 PLPP is a SMDS/ATM physical layer processor with an integrated DS3 framer. PLCP sublayer DS1, DS3, E1 and E3 processing is supported as is ATM cell delineation. It is used to implement ATM wide area user network interfaces (UNI) and network node interfaces (NNI) [42].
The PM7321 T3XC provides a receive and transmit M23 or C-bit parity framing interface in accordance with ANSI standards. Provides integral HDLC support for the path maintenance data link used in the C-bit parity application [43].
The PM7345 SUNI-PDH is an ATM physical layer processor with integrated DS3 and E3 framing. PLCP sublayer DS1, DS3, E1, and E3 processing is supported as is ATM cell delineation. When configured for DS3, the SUNI-PDH accepts and outputs either a B3ZS-encoded bipolar or a unipolar signal compatible with M23 and C-bit parity applications. When configured for E3 transmission system sublayer processing, it accepts and outputs either HDB3-encoded bipolar or a unipolar signal compatible with G.751 and G.832 applications. When configured for DS1, or E1, it accepts and outputs a unipolar signal with appropriate clock and frame pulse signals for physical sublayer processing. When configured for other transmission systems, it provides a generic interface for physical sublayer processing [44].
This board (with PM1501 EVMB) allows for the test and evaluation of the PMC PM7321 PLPP device. The PLPP EVBD supports three transmission system formats: DS1, DS3, and external. The DS1 format utilizes the PMC PM4341 T1XC T1 framer and transceiver. The DS3 format utilizes the internal PLPP T3 framer and the external Silicon Systems SSI78P236 DS3 LIU [45].
Integral framer supports the M23 or C-bit parity DS3 formats with path maintenance data link processing and bit oriented code support for FEAC channel termination. Supports either the M12 or the G.747 formats to allow DS1 or E1 signals to be multiplexed into a DS3 signal [46].
This board allows for the test, evaluation, and demonstration of the PMC PM8313 D3MX and PMC PM4312 DDSX devices. This board has been specially designed to mate with the PMC PM1501 EVMB to form a complete evaluation system [47].
This is PMC-Sierra's recommended interface protocol for the interconnect of physical layer (PHY) ATM devices to ATM layer or ATM Adaptation Layer processors. It has been developed with the cooperation of the Saturn ATM chip development group to cover all application bit rates up to 622 Mbit/s and to handle both ATM layer to single-PHY and ATM layer to multi-PHY connections. The SCI-PHY is a superset of the Utopia specification. Within SCI-PHY, multi-PHY operation and data parity support are required [48].
The RCC700 is a transmitter/receiver IC integrating a complete phase-locked loop clock recovery and data retiming/regeneration subsystem, a phase-locked loop clock synthesizer, a 10:1 mux, a 1:10 demux, an 8-bit/10-bit encoder/decoder. RCC700-200 can be used for the transport of ATM LAN operating at 194.4 Mbaud (155.52 Mbit/s OC-3 data rate with 8-bit/10-bit overhead) [49].
The transceiver operates at 155.52 Mbit/s [50].
- Compliant with existing standards.
- Loss of optical signal indicator.
The transceiver operates at 155.52 Mbit/s [51].
- Compliant with existing standard.
TXC-07025 Chip Set
The ATM Line Interface 25 Mbit/s (ALI-25) Chip Set provides the complete ATM-25 Physical Layer function including the Transmission Convergence (TC) and Physical Media Dependent (PMD) sub-layers and operates over existing cable plants (STP, UTP-3,4,5) up to 100 meters. This chip connects to available ATM-layer protocol chips such as the SARA-S and the SARA-R (TXC-05501 and 05601) of FIFO designs [55].
- Full duplex 8-bit data transfers to/from ATM layer protocol chip plus parity.
- Integrated FIFO stores up to two 53-byte ATM cells received from network.
- Supports transmission and regeneration of an 8kHz sync pulse for audio and video applications.
TXC-03003
The SOT-3 is programmable device which performs section, line and path overhead processing for STM-1/STS-3/STS-3c signals [56].
- Transmit and receive pointer generation with respect to external clock and frame signals.
- Byte-wide data, clock and frame on the line side.
- Byte-wide data, C1J1, SPE, and parity bit (odd) on the terminal side.
- SONET/SDH alarm detection.
TXC-02302B
The SYN155C synchronizer device provides a complete STS-3/STM-1 frame synchronization function in a single low-power CMOS unit. It supports two frame synchronization modes: a full tracking mode which finds frame and verifies it on following frames; and a non-tracking mode which finds frame but performs no verification [57].
- Detects frame of incoming 155.52 Mbit/s signal, converts it to a 19.44 Mbyte/s or a 38.88 Mnib/s paraller signal, clock and frame on terminal side.
- Receives 19.44 Mbyte/s or 38.88 Mnib/s data from terminal, converts to serial data on the line side.
A complete filter module for interface to 100Base-Tx, TP/PMD (FDDI over copper) and 155 Mbit/s ATM transceiver chips [60].
A complete transformer and common mode choke interface for 100Base-TX, TP/PMD (FDDI over copper) and 155 Mbit/s ATM applications [61].
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